Спросить
Войти
УДК 595.768.23 © Amurian zoological journal111(4), 2011.345-348
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF CURCULIONIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
FROM KURDISTAN PROVINCE (WESTERN IRAN)
H. Ghahari1, A.A. Legalov2
[Гахари Х., Легалов А.А. К познанию фауны Curculionidae (Coleoptera) провинции Курдистан (Западный Иран)]
&Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Rey Branch, Teheran, Iran. E-mail: h_ghahhari@yahoo.com 2Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Frunze street, 11, 630091, Novosibirsk, Russia. E-mail: legalov@ngs.ru &Кафедра сельского хозяйства, Открытый Исламский университет, отд. Шахр-и-рей, Тегеран, Иран. E-mail: h_ghahhari@yahoo.com 2Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, Фрунзе, 11, 630091, Новосибирск, Россия. E-mail: legalov@ngs.ru
Summary. In a total 57 species from 26 genera and 4 subfamilies of Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were collected for the first time from Kurdistan province, western Iran. 28 species are first recorded for the Iranian fauna.
Резюме. Приводятся данные о 57 видах 26 родов из 4 подсемейств жуков-долгоносиков (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), впервые собранных в Курдистане (Западный Иран). 28 видов впервые отмечаются для фауны Ирана.
INTRODUCTION
Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with about 48,000 valid species, are the largest family of known organisms [Anderson, 1993, 1995]. Collectively, weevils use every plant part and nearly every plant taxon and yet related species are often similar in host use. Different taxonomic groups of weevils attack plant roots, stems, leaves or seeds. They can number among the first enemies to attack healthy plants or be specialists on the dead remains of plants felled by other causes. Taxonomic groups of weevils are also often restricted to particular host groups, specializing on cycads, conifers, dicots or monocots or subsets of these plant taxa, though many exceptionally polyphagous species also occur. Some are serious pests of agricultural crops and stored products as well as standing trees and forestry products; on the other hand others have been successfully used as biological control agents for weed control [Wibmer, O&Brein, 1986; Anderson, Lyal, 1995; Marvaldi et al., 2002; Oberprieler et al., 2007]. With so many species to classify and over 400 genera, the taxonomy of this family is quite complicated, and authors disagree on the number and placement of various subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes [Wanat and Mokrzycki, 2005; Legalov, 2006; Oberprieler et al., 2007].
Kurdistan province is 28,817 km2 in area which is located in the west of Iran and bound by Iraq on the west. Kurdistan is one of the most mountainous regions in Iran and has a generally mild and quite pleasant climate throughout the spring and summer. As a result of its elevation and mountains, Kurdistan province has many rivers, lakes, glaciers and caves, which render it rather picturesque. Kurdistan has vast forests and refuges, where diverse flora and fauna are present.
The fauna of Iranian Curculionidae was studied rather well [Modarres Awal, 1997; Broumand, 1998; Sakenin et al. 2009; Ghahari et al., 2009, 2010]; all the published data on Iranian Curculionid-beetles were catalogued by Legalov et al. [2010]. The aim of this paper is faunal study on the family Curculionidae in Kurdistan province to completing the knowledge of species diversity of Iranian weevils.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials were collected by sweeping, aspirator, beating tray, canopy fogging, leaf litter sifting (and processing the samples through Berleise funnels), Malaise and flight intercept traps and of course by hand collecting by locating suitable hosts and searching for the weevils (e.g. under the bark). The sampled regions in this research were Marivan, Baneh, Saqqez, Qorveh, Bijar, Kamyaran, Dehgolan, Sanandaj, Diwandarreh and Sarvabad. In addition to these, the data of preserved materials in various museums in Iran or other countries, and personal collections of some researchers have also been included in this study. The information concerning the locality, altitude (in brackets), date of collection, place/plant on which the species were collected, and the number of specimens (in brackets) is given. Although the name of the plants on which the specimens were collected, have been given, this doesn’t necessarily mean that they are the host of the species. In this paper the classifications and nomenclature of curculionids suggested by Zherichin Egorov [1991], May [1993], Zimmerman [1993], Alonso-Zarazaga Lyal [1999], Colonnelli [2003, 2004], Legalov [2006, 2011] and Velazquez de Castro et al. [2007] have been followed.
Species marked with * - are the first records for the fauna of Kurdistan and ** - the first records for the fauna of Iran.
As a result of this research, totally 57 curculionid species from 26 genera and 4 subfamilies were collected from Kurdistan province. The list of species is given below.
Family CURCULIONIDAE Latreille, 1802 Subfamily LIXINAE Schoenherr, 1823 Tribe Lixini Schoenherr, 1823 Genus Larinus Dejean, 1921 Larinus crassiusculus Desbrochers, 1895**
Material examined: Kavaneh, (1460 m), (3), September 2008.
Larinus elegans Desbrochers, 1897**
Material examined: Baneh, (1444 m), (2), June 2008. Larinus jaceae (Fabricius, 1775)*
Material examined: Ebrahim-Abad, (1956 m), (2), July
Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal, 1836**
Material examined: Ebrahim-Abad, (1945 m), (2), July
Larinus onopordi (Fabricius, 1787)*
Material examined: Marivan, (1328 m), (1), June 2008. Bijar, (1744 m), (2), July 2008; Diwandarreh, (1855 m), (1), October 2008.
Larinus rugithorax Desbrochers, 1897**
Material examined: Kamyaran, (1462 m), (3), August 2008.
Larinus sacer Desbrochers, 1896**
Material examined: Mirdeh, (1505 m), (4), June 2006. Larinus villosiventris Desbrochers, 1892**
Material examined: Dehgolan, (1837 m), (1), September 2008.
Genus Lixus Fabricius, 1801 Lixus bardanae (Fabricius 1787)**
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1525 m), (2), September
Lixuspulverulentus (Scopoli 1763)*
Material examined: Kavaneh, (1465 m), (3), September
Tribe CLEONINI Schoenherr, 1826 Genus Temnorhinus Chevrolat, 1873 Temnorhinus verrucosus (Gebler, 1830)*
Material examined: Diwandarreh, (1855 m), (2), October 2008.
Subfamily CEUTORHYNCHINAE Gistel, 1848 Tribe Ceutorhynchini Gistel, 1848 Genus Ceutorhynchus Germar, 1824 Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull, 1792)*
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1500 m), (3), September
Ceutorhynchus coarctatus Gyllenhal, 1837*
Material examined: Sarvabad, (1027 m), (1), June 2006. Boein Sofla (1388 m), (2), September 2008.
Ceutorhynchus languidus Schultze, 1902*
Material examined: Chenareh (1449 m), (2), July 2008. Ceutorhynchus niyazii Hoffmann, 1957**
Material examined: Dezaj (1512 m), (1), October 2008. Ceutorhynchuspulvinatus Gyllenhal, 1837*
Material examined: Mirdeh, (1510 m), (3), June 2006. Ceutorhynchus sophiae Gyllenhal, 1837*
Material examined: Ebrahim-Abad, (1950 m), (2), July
Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis (Paykull, 1800)*
Material examined: Kamyaran, (1462 m), (2), August
Material examined: Boein Sofla (1388 m), (1), September 2008.
Genus Ethelcus Reitter, 1916
Ethelcus denticulatus (Schrank, 1781)*
Material examined: Baneh, (1435 m), (2), June 2008.
Genus Mogulones Reitter, 1916 Mogulones crucifer (Pallas, 1771)**
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1357 m), (4), September
Mogulones korbi (Schultze, 1901)**
Material examined: Dehgolan, (1830 m), (2), September
Genus Neoglocianus Dieckmann, 1972 Neoglocianus maculaalba (Herbst, 1795)*
Material examined: Kavaneh, (1464 m), (3), September 2008.
Genus Stenocarus C.G.Thomson, 1859 Stenocarus cardui (Herbst, 1784)*
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1525 m), (1), September
Genus Zacladus Reitter, 1913 Zacladus asperatus (Gyllenhal, 1837)*
Material examined: Baneh, (1435 m), (1), June 2008.
Genus Coeliodes Schonherr, 1837 Coeliodes ruber (Marsham, 1802)**
Material examined: Sarvabad, (1017 m), (1), June 2006.
Genus Pseudocoeliodes Hoffmann, 1956 Pseudocoeliodes rubricus (Gyllenhal, 1837)**
Material examined: Diwandarreh, (1855 m), (1), October
Subfamily CURCULIONINAE Latreille, 1802 Tribe Curculionini Latreille, 1802 Genus Curculio Linnaeus 1758 Curculio excellens Khnzorian, 1953**
Material examined: Marivan, (1326 m), (1), June 2008.
Genus Archarius Gistel, 1856 Archarius pyrrhoceras (Marsham, 1802)**
Material examined: Saqqez, (1333 m), (2), April 2008. Tribe Tychiini Gistel, 1848 Genus Sibinia Germar, 1817 Sibinia bipunctata Kirsch, 1870*
Material examined: Qorveh, (1307 m), (2), July 2007.
Genus Tychius Germar, 1817 Tychius argentatus Chevrolat, 1859**
Material examined: Marivan, (1340 m), (4), June 2008. Tychius aureolus Kiesenwetter, 1851*
Material examined: Saqqez, (1333 m), (2), April 2008. Chenareh (1441 m), (2), July 2008.
Tychius breviusculus Desbrochers, 1873*
Material examined: Chenareh (1430 m), (3), July 2008. Tychius consputus Kiesenwetter, 1864**
Material examined: Saqqez, (1357 m), (1), April 2008. Diwandarreh, (1866 m), (3), October 2008; Baneh, (1435 m), (3), June 2008.
Tychius flavus Becker, 1864**
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1368 m), (2), September
Tychiusgrenieri Ch. Brisout, 1861**
Material examined: Kamyaran, (1483 m), (2), August
Tychius hirtellus Tournier, 1873*
Material examined: Bijar, (1735 m), (2), July 2008. Tychiuspalaestinus Desbrochers, 1875**
Material examined: Bijar, (1735 m), (1), July 2008. Tychius stephensi Schonherr, 1836*
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1500 m), (1), September 2007.
Subfamily ENTIMINAE Schoenherr, 1823 Tribe HYPERINI Marseul, 1863 Genus Donus Jekel, 1865 Donus dauci (Olivier, 1808)*
Material examined: Dezaj (1525 m), (2), October 2008.
Genus Hypera Germar, 1817 Hypera cumana (Petri 1901)**
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1525 m), (1), September
Hypera meles (Fabricius, 1792)*
Material examined: Chenareh (1430 m), (2), July 2008.
Genus Zaslavskypera Legalov, 2011 Zaslavskypera contaminata (Herbst, 1795)**
Material examined: Qorveh, (1307 m), (3), July 2007. Sanandaj, (1321 m), (2), September 2007.
Genus Tigrinellus Capiomont, 1868 Tigrinellus pastinacae (Rossi, 1790)*
Material examined: Dehgolan, (1830 m), (1), September
Genus Eririnomorphus Capiomont, 1868 Eririnomorphus rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758)*
Material examined: Sanandaj, (1327 m), (2), September
Tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1856 Genus Sitona Germar, 1817 Sitona lineellus (Bonsdorff, 1785)**
Material examined: Dezaj (1528 m), (1), October 2008. Sitona macularius (Marsham, 1802)*
Material examined: Marivan, (1340 m), (2), June 2008. Tribe Tanymecini Lacordaire, 1863 Genus Xylinophorus Faust, 1885 Xylinophorus prodromus Faust 1885*
Material examined: Kamyaran, (1475 m), (1), August 2008.
Tribe Cyphicerini Lacordaire, 1863 Genus Myllocerus Schonherr, 1823 Myllocerus benignus Faust, 1892*
Material examined: Dehgolan, (1830 m), (2), September
Tribe Nastini Reitter, 1913 Genus Nastus Schoenherr, 1843 Nastus margelanicus Faust, 1894**
Material examined: Marivan, (1340 m), (1), June 2008. Tribe Otiorhynchini Schoenherr, 1826 Genus Otiorhynchus (Germar, 1822) Otiorhynchus bleusei Faust, 1899**
Material examined: Dezaj (1512 m), (1), October 2008. Otiorhynchus brunneus Krynicki, 1834**
Material examined: Saqqez, (1357 m), (1), April 2008. Otiorhynchus dubitabilis Fairmaire, 1866*
Material examined: Marivan, (1326 m), (1), June 2008.
Otiorhynchus lugens (Germar, 1817)**
Material examined: Bijar, (1744 m), (2), July 2008. Otiorhynchus ovalipennis Boheman, 1843*
Material examined: Sarvabad, (1017 m), (2), June 2006. Otiorhynchus tmolosensis Lona, 1943**
Material examined: Kamyaran, (1475 m), (2), August
Tribe Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823 Genus Polydrusus Germar, 1817 Polydrusus ponticus Faust, 1888*
Material examined: Qorveh, (1316 m), (2), July 2007.
DISCUSSION
Regarding to the result of this research which has dealt with the species diversity of Curculionidae in Kurdistan province, and also the prior publication on Iranian Curculionidae (see the references), the fauna of this family in Iran is very diverse. Although a few species were recorded as the important and destructive pest in Iran so far, their number could be much more in some regions by the observations of the first author. With the improving of our knowledge of species diversity of weevils in different regions of Iran, the main pests of this family should be detected and the efficient strategies could be applied for their population decreasing. By the material of the first author, many powerful parasitoids especially in the family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) have efficient role in biological control of the weevils [Boucek Rasplus, 1991], and conservation of them results in more successful control of pest weevils.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are appreciated to Dr. E. Colonnelli (Museo Civico di Zoologia of Italy), Dr. G.Y. Arzanov (South Scientific Centre of RAS, Russia), Dr. L. Gultekin (Ataturk University of Turkey), Dr. A.E. Marvaldi (Harvard University, USA) and H. Boroumand (Tehran Plant Protection Research Institute) for valuable scientific cooperation and important role in progress of the project. The research was supported by Shahre Rey Islamic Azad University.
REFERENCES
Alonso-Zarazaga M.A., Lyal C.H.C., 1999. A world catalogue of families and genera Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Barcelona: Entomopraxis. 315 pp. Anderson R.S., 1993. Weevils and plants: Phylogenetic versus ecological mediation of evolution of host plant associations in Curculioninae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) // Memoirs Entomological Society of Canada. No 165. P. 197-232.
Anderson R.S., 1995. An evolutionary perspective of diversity in Curculionoidea // Memoirs of Entomological Society of Washington. No. 14. P. 103-114.
Anderson R.A., Lyal C.H.C., 1995. Biology and phylogeny of Curculionoidea // Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington. Vol. 14. P. 103-114.
Boucek Z., Rasplus J.-Y., 1991. Illustrated key to West-Palaearctic genera of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera:
Chalcidoidea). Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris. 140 pp.
Broumand H., 1998. Insects of Iran. The list of Coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests Diseases Research Institute. Coleoptera (XXIV): Curculionoidea: Fam. 162. P. 166-171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Plant Pests Diseases Research Institute, Insect Taxonomy Research Department. Publ. No. 2. 110 pp.
Colonnelli E., 2003. A revised checklist of Italian Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) // Zootaxa. No. 337. P. 1-142.
Colonnelli E., 2004. Catalogue of Ceutorhynchinae of the world, with a key to genera (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Barcelona: Argania edition. 124 pp.
Ghahari H., Legalov A.A., Arzanov G.Yu., 2009. An annotated list of the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Arasbaran biosphere reserve and vicinity, Northwestern Iran // Baltic J. Coleopterol. Vol. 9. No. 2. P. 177-182.
Ghahari H., Arzanov G.Yu., Legalov A.A., Tabari M., Ostovan H., 2010. Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iranian rice fields and surrounding grasslands // Munis Entomology Zoology. Vol. 5. No. 1. P. 163-169.
Legalov A.A., 2006. Phylogenetic reconstruction of weevils superfamily Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) using the SYNAP method // Biology Bulletin. Vol. 33. No. 2. P. 127-134.
Legalov A.A., Ghahari H., Arzanov Yu.G., 2010. Annotated catalogue of curculionid-beetles (Coleoptera: Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Brachyceridae, Dryophthoridae and Curculionidae) of Iran // Amurian zoological journal. Vol. 2. No. 3. P. 191-244.
Legalov A.A., 2011. A review of weevils of the tribe Hyperini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Inner Asia with remarks on systematic and description of new taxa // Euroasian Entomological Journal. Vol. 10. No. 2. P. 145-156. [in Russian]
Marvaldi A.E., Sequeira A.S., O’Brien C.W., Farrell B.D.,
May B.M., 1993. Larvae of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera): a systematic overview // Fauna of New Zealand. Vol. 28. P. 1-1221.
Modarres A.M., 1997. List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran (revised edition) // Mashhad: Ferdowsi University Press. Publ. No. 147. 429 pp.
Oberprieler R.G., Marvaldi A.E., Anserson R.S., 2007. Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere // Zootaxa. № 1668. P. 491-520.
Sakenin H., Ghahari H., Tabari M., Imani S., Ostovan H.,
Velazquez de Castro A.J., Alonso-Zarazaga M.A., Outerelo R., 2007. Systematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits // Systematic Entomology. Vol. 32. P. 312-331.
Wanat M., Mokrzycki T., 2005. A new checklist of the weevil species (Curculionoidea) of Poland // Genus. Vol. 16. No. 1. P. 69-117.
Wibmer G.J., O&Brein C.W., 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) // Memoirs American Entomological Institute. Vol. 39. P. 1-563.
Zherichin V.V., Egorov A.B., 1990(1991). Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Russian Far East (review of subfamilies with description new taxa). Vladivostok. 164 pp. [in Russian]
Zimmerman E.C., 1993. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Volume III- Nanophyidae, Rhynchophoridae, Erirhinidae, Curculionidae: Amycterinae, Literature consulted. CSIRO Melbourne. 854 pp.
