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SOME WATER EXCHANGE FEATURES OF CARDUS MARIANUS SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN.) IN SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KHOREZM REGION

Автор: Salimova Sadoqat Kamolatdin Qizi

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ

SOME WATER EXCHANGE FEATURES OF CARDUS

MARIANUS SILYBUM MARIANUM (L) GAERTN.) IN SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KHOREZM REGION

Salimova S.K.

Salimova Sadoqat Kamolatdin qizi - Student, BIOLOGY FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract: it is known that the inclusion of medicinal plants in the list of cultivated plants in agriculture means the protection and preservation of natural genetic resources of plants, as well as high and quality yields and preparation of raw material reserves compared to wild-growing medicinal plants. However, some medicinal plants face a number of challenges in expanding and cultivating their crops, including lack of seeds due to low yields of medicinal plants, limited biological properties of medicinal plants, and prolongation of flowering, fruiting, and ripening periods. Improving and propagating the primary seed system of such medicinal plant species is a topical issue [1]. Keywords: species, nature, plants.

Actuality of the research. In recent years, scientists have become increasingly interested in studying the physiological and biochemical processes that take place in plants in order to increase their resistance to adverse soil and climatic conditions and various stressors [3].

The productivity of a plant, which is an integral indicator of the sum of all physiological processes, is closely related to its water regimes. The transpiration process plays an important role in regulating water exchange in plants [4].

The aim of the research and methods. In order to obtain high-quality raw materials from medicinal plants, it is necessary to apply modern agro-technologies of cultivation, first of all, through in-depth study of their biological properties.

Therefore, our research aims to study the ecological and biological properties of the plant cardus marianus (Silybum marianum L. (Gaertn)) and its sorts Debut, Panatseya and Samaryanka in the soil and climatic conditions of Khorezm region on the basis of biological requirements. In particular, in the soil-climatic conditions of Khorezm region, it is planned to study some water exchange features of Khorezm region, such as water scarcity and water storage capacity of Silybum marianum L. (Gaertn).

Despite the fact that this medicinal plant has been studied in other regions of the country, there is no information about the properties of water exchange, especially in the Khorezm region. The research was conducted in Khiva district of Khorezm region, in the soil-climatic conditions of the experimental base of the Khorezm Mamun Academy.

Selection and conducting of experimental fields, sampling and analysis of soil and plants, phenological observations were carried out on the basis of methods of UzPITI (UzPITI, 2007) and recommendations of scientists of the Uzbek Research Institute of Botany.

As a scientific basis for the degree of drought resistance of the studied plants, two main indicators of their water regime were studied: water scarcity and water storage capacity. Deficiency of water relative to complete saturation of leaves calculated by I. Catsky method (Catsky, 1960) [6].

The water storage capacity of the assimilating organs was determined by the method of A.A.Nichiporovich (1926) [5]. Statistical processing of the results of scientific research was carried out according to the method of V.A. Dospekhov (1985) [2]

The results obtained and their discussion. There are many factors to consider when studying plants introduced in Uzbekistan. The main of these are soil moisture and air temperature. Therefore, the lack of moisture and high temperature are some of the factors that determine the growth and development of plants growing in these conditions, so it is necessary to study their water regime.

In experiments, the water shortage in the Panatseya, Debut and Samaryanka varieties of this plant was studied due to the characteristics of water exchange during the phases of leaf growth, inflorescence formation and flowering.

The study of water scarcity in drought-tolerant plants is of great importance in the selection of plants and their adaptation to new soil-climatic conditions.

It is known that with a rise in temperature and a decrease in relative humidity in the middle of the day, a shortage of water is observed in the leaves of the plant. This leads to a violation of water balance in plants. As the sun rises, transpiration also increases and the plant&s water loss also increases. As a result, the total amount of water in the plant leaves is reduced. Water shortages in plants decrease with sunset in the evenings, especially at night, due to an increase in total water content.

In our study, some differences were observed when studying the water deficiency of leaves of cardus marianus varieties. In particular, it was found that the average daily value of water deficiency in the leaves of its varieties fluctuated around 30.1416.64% during the season (Table 1).

At the beginning of the Cardus marianus vegetation, ie in the phase of 2-3 chin leaf emergence, the daily average value in Panatseya variety was 18.84%, while in Debut variety it was 16.64%, as well as in Samaryanka variety it was 21.40%.

In the inflorescence formation phase, the average daily water deficit was 25.94%, 25.64% and 30.14%, respectively. By the middle of the growing season, i.e. during the grazing phase, the average daily value was found to fluctuate around 28.37 - 24.94% during the season. In particular, in the Panacea variety this figure was 25.84%, while in the Debut variety it was 24.94%. The same figure was 28.37% in the Samaryanka variety.

During the flowering phase, the average daily water deficit was observed to be 27.10%, 23.94%, and 30.10%, respectively.

In general, the best indicators on the daily average value of water deficiency in the leaves of cardus marianus varieties were observed in the Debut variety, while the lowest values were found

in the Samaryanka variety. Cardus marianus&s Panatseya variety ranked intermediate on these indicators.

Table 1. Lack of water in the leaves of cardus marianus varieties

(in % of full saturation)

Sorts Determined times Daily avarage

9 13 18
2-3 leaf output phase

Panacea 17,8 18,1 20,6 18,84

Debut 14,6 16,4 18,9 16,64

Samaryanka 18,7 19,2 26,3 21,40

Inflorescence formation phase

Panacea 21,5 24,6 31,7 25,94

Debut 22,1 26,0 29,8 25,64

Samaryanka 24,0 30,3 36,1 30,14

Tubing phase

Panacea 23,6 27,5 26,4 25,84

Debut 23,4 26,6 24,8 24,94

Samaryanka 26,1 30,8 28,2 28,37

Flowering phase

Panacea 25,1 29,5 26,7 27,10

Debut 23,9 22,1 25,8 23,94

Samaryanka 28,5 34,6 27,2 30,10

A decrease in the rate of transpiration in plants leads to an increase in their water storage capacity. Because the leaves of a plant planted for several years in saline soils are accustomed to these soils, plants planted in saline soils in the first year are distinguished by a greater water retention capacity than the leaves of plants. This is explained by the large amount of water bound to the plant. As plants grow and develop in saline soils and adapt to these soils, their ability to retain water in their leaves increases.

The inverse of the rate of water loss is the ability of the leaves to retain water. This indicator of the water regime indicates the ability of the plant to withstand this or that level of dehydration.

In experiments, the ability of the vegetation process in the Panatseya, Debut and Samaryanka varieties of cardus marianus to store water during the inflorescence formation, mowing, flowering and fruiting phases was studied.

In our study, some differences were observed when studying the water storage capacity of the leaves of cardus marianus varieties. In particular, the average daily value of water storage capacity in the leaves of cardus marianus varieties varies from 64.7 to 42.8% during the season. At the beginning of the cardus marianus vegetation, i.e. during the inflorescence formation phase, the daily average value in the Panatseya variety was 51.1%, while in the Debut variety it was 50.0%, and in the Samaryanka variety it was 53.8%. Debut (53.2%) predominated in the total water storage capacity of the cardus marianus cultivars studied in this phase. The lowest water storage capacity was observed in the Samaryanka (36.2%) variety of cardus marianus (Table 2).

By the middle of the growing season of the cardus marianus plant, i.e. during the mating phase, the average daily water storage capacity of the Panatseya variety was 51.7%, while that of the Debut variety was 46.1%. It was also found that the Samaryanka variety has 55.2%.

Even in the salting phase, the highest total water storage capacity of cardus marianus varieties was observed in Debut -50.3%. The lowest value of this indicator was found in the Samaryanka variety of cardus marianus - 29.9%. The water storage capacity of Rastoropsha Panatseya variety was intermediate in this phase - 35.3%.

It was observed that the average daily water storage capacity of the studied cardus marianus varieties in the flowering phase was 52.5%, 42.8% and 55.8%, respectively. Debut variety (51.0%) dominated the total water storage capacity of cardus marianus varieties studied in this phase. The lowest rate of water retention was observed in the Samaryanka (26.6%) variety of cardus marianus.

At the end of the cardus marianus vegetation - during the fruiting phase, the average daily water storage capacity of the Panatseya variety was 63.0%, while in the Debut variety it was

59.1%. Similarly, in the Samaryanka variety this value was found to be 64.7%.

Even in the fertile phase, the highest rate of total water storage capacity of cardus marianus varieties was observed in Debut -24.3%. The lowest value of this indicator was observed in the varieties Panoroseya (21.1%) and Samaryanka (21.6%).

Table 2. Water storage capacity of leaves of cardus marianus varieties (in % of total water content)

Amount of water

Sorts After After After After Total

1 2 4 6 Avarage water

hour hours hours hours reserving

In florescence formation phase

Panacea 76,4 54,7 42,3 34,1 51,1 40,3

Debut 81,6 53,8 36,4 28,4 50,0 53,2

Samaryanka 74,3 56,4 46,3 38,1 53,8 36,2

Tu bing phase

Panacea 71,4 55,4 44,0 36,1 51,7 35,3

Debut 76,4 49,7 32,5 26,1 46,1 50,3

Samaryanka 72,6 58,0 47,7 42,7 55,2 29,9

Flowering phase

Panacea 68,2 56,9 46,2 38,7 52,5 29,5

Debut 73,2 46,7 29,1 22,2 42,8 51,0

Samaryanka 70,0 60,1 49,7 43,4 55,8 26,6

Yie ding phase

Panacea 72,9 67,8 59,7 51,8 63,0 21,1

Debut 71,5 63,1 54,7 47,2 59,1 24,3

Samaryanka 74,1 69,4 62,7 52,5 64,7 21,6

Conclusion. Experimental research on the biology, physiology and water-exchange properties of the cardus marianus plant is one of the current issues on the inclusion of medicinal plants in the list of cultivated plants, their economic evaluation for the creation of the most promising varieties and proper zoning. The following conclusions can be drawn from the research work:

- The best indicators of the daily average value of water deficiency in the leaves of cardus marianus varieties were

13

observed in the Debut variety, while the lowest values were found in the Samaryanka variety. Rastoropsha&s Panatseya variety ranked intermediate on these indicators;

- At all stages of the growing season, the highest rate of total water storage capacity of cardus marianus varieties was observed in the Debut variety. The lowest value for this indicator was found in the Panatseya variety of cardus marianus.

Thus, the results of the study proved that on the basis of physiological and biological characteristics and varietal differences of cardus marianus plant, this crop can be grown in the soil-climatic conditions of Khorezm region and planted in large areas.

References

1. Azizova N.A. Water exchange and salt tolerance of cotton varieties under conditions of soil salinization and drought // Moscow: International Educational Center, 2016. № 29-1. P. 6.
2. Armor V.A. The methodology of field experience // 5th ed. recycled. and add. M.: Kolos, 1985. P. 415.
3. Kosakovskaya I.V. Physiological and biochemical basics of plant adaptation to stress // Kiev, 2003. P. 192.
4. Nedukha O.M. The effect of water deficit on plant leaves // Ukr. Bot. Journal, 2001. 58. G. P. 99-106.
5. Nichiporovich A.A. About water loss by cut parts of plants during wilting // Journal of experimental agronomy of the South-East. 1926. Vol. 3. Issue 1. P.76-92.
6. Chatsky I.S., Slavik N.I. Method for determining the water deficit of the leaf // M., 1960. P. 45-47.
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